Meningococcal disease is a global problem responsible for significant morbidity and mortality particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Advances in immunisation have made a substantial difference to the incidence of meningococcal disease in the UK but cases still occur, because we do not yet have vaccines to prevent all serogroups. For this reason it is important that health professionals understand this disease and the different serogroups, vaccines and target groups to ensure that all those who should be are being protected from this harmful pathogen, and that symptoms of disease are recognised and treated without delay.