Analysis
Upper GI bleed: signs, assessment and nursing care
Nurses play a critical role in responding to and managing upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeds, a common medical emergency. Early recognition and escalation can prevent hypovolemic shock and reduce mortality. Here, a nurse consultant in endoscopy and a leading nurse in the field of gastroenterology explain key signs of upper GI bleeding, which include certain examples of vomiting blood and rectal bleeding, and causes, including peptic ulcers and malignancy. The experts outline how nurses may assess risk holistically using the ABCDE approach, escalate care promptly and communicate with patients and families to minimise their distress.
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